Problem Statement

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Database Batch Auditing Service - Problem Statement

Overview

Design a system that audits database changes across multiple databases, ensuring data integrity, compliance, and providing a complete audit trail for regulatory requirements. The system must detect anomalies, track changes, and generate compliance reports.

Functional Requirements

Core Auditing Features

  • Change Capture: Capture all database modifications
  • Audit Trail: Immutable record of changes
  • Compliance Reporting: Generate audit reports
  • Anomaly Detection: Identify suspicious changes
  • Data Lineage: Track data provenance
  • Rollback Support: Revert unauthorized changes

Audit Data Capture

  • Insert Operations: Track new records
  • Update Operations: Track modifications
  • Delete Operations: Track deletions
  • Schema Changes: Track DDL operations
  • Permission Changes: Track access modifications
  • Bulk Operations: Track batch changes

Compliance Features

  • GDPR Compliance: Right to erasure tracking
  • SOX Compliance: Financial data auditing
  • HIPAA Compliance: Healthcare data tracking
  • PCI DSS: Payment data auditing
  • Retention Policies: Configurable retention
  • Encryption: Audit data encryption

Reporting and Analytics

  • Change Reports: Who, what, when, where
  • Compliance Reports: Regulatory compliance
  • Anomaly Reports: Suspicious activities
  • Trend Analysis: Change patterns
  • Access Reports: User activity tracking
  • Custom Reports: Flexible reporting

Non-Functional Requirements

Performance Requirements

  • Capture Latency: <10ms overhead per operation
  • Processing Throughput: 100K+ changes per second
  • Query Performance: <5 seconds for reports
  • Batch Processing: Process millions of records
  • Real-time Alerts: <1 minute for anomalies

Scalability Requirements

  • Databases: 1,000+ databases monitored
  • Tables: 100,000+ tables tracked
  • Changes: 1 billion changes per day
  • Retention: 7 years of audit data
  • Concurrent Audits: 100+ simultaneous audits

Reliability Requirements

  • Availability: 99.95% uptime
  • Data Durability: 99.999999999% (11 9's)
  • No Data Loss: Zero audit record loss
  • Consistency: Strong consistency for audits
  • Recovery: <1 hour RTO, <5 minutes RPO

Success Metrics

  • Capture Rate: 100% of changes captured
  • False Positive Rate: <1% for anomalies
  • Compliance Score: 100% regulatory compliance
  • Query Performance: P95 <10 seconds
  • Storage Efficiency: 5:1 compression ratio

This problem statement provides the foundation for designing a comprehensive database auditing system.