Design the foundational building blocks that every distributed system depends on
Design a distributed KV store like DynamoDB with consistent hashing, tunable consistency, LSM-tree storage, and multi-region replication.
Design a distributed cache with LRU/LFU eviction, cache stampede prevention, write-through/write-back policies, and multi-tier architecture.
Design GFS/HDFS with block-based storage, NameNode architecture, rack-aware replication, and automatic failure recovery.
Design a global CDN with 200+ PoPs, origin shielding, cache invalidation, DDoS protection, and edge compute capabilities.
Design L4/L7 load balancing with health checks, connection draining, multiple algorithms (round-robin, least-connections, consistent hashing).